Description of implementation and its issues Essay

Portrayal of usage and its issues - Essay Example Master survey is a method of testing ease of use, by bringing experienced specialists who spend significant time in ease of use testing ready, so as to assess the ease of use of an interface.When at least one human variables specialists are associated with assessment of an interface, this is alluded to as Heuristic assessment of convenience Audit. The specialists who are remembered for the assessment are accused of the obligation of estimating the ease of use, viability and proficiency of the interface established on Jakob Nielsen definition (Heuristic Evaluation standard 1). Nielsen’s Usability Heuristics, which have industriously evolved in answer to new gadgets and client research, incorporate consistency and measures; perceivability of framework status; blunder avoidance; adaptability and proficiency of utilization; acknowledgment as opposed to review; help and documentation; client control and opportunity, stylish and moderate plan; help clients perceive, recuperate and a nalyze from mistakes; and match among framework and this present reality. Client based assessments User-based assessment strategies include distinguishing proof of delegate errands, agent clients, and planning of a system for recognizing the issues that clients face while endeavoring to utilize a specific programming item in their endeavors. During the turn of events, testing, structure phase of programming improvement, the two kinds of users’ assessments that are performed incorporate developmental assessments (used to accumulate data for plan) and summative assessments (used to record proficiency, adequacy, and client fulfillment of an item). Model-based assessments A reproduction of the human data processor has been structured established on data drawn from brain science research with respect to human’s memory, recognition and cognizance framework. This model has incorporated capacities of long haul and momentary memory, along with abilities of human sound and visua l preparing. Likewise included are times for insight engine handling and preparing. This model permits collaborations of human-PC scientists so as to assess UIs based on the model’s execution. Apparatuses for assessing data frameworks Questionnaires For quite a while, surveys have been utilized to assess UIs (Root and Draper 87). They can be utilized in paper structure or electronically (for instance surveymonkey.com). Various inquiries are intended to explicitly assess segments of unwavering quality, legitimacy, and ease of use of the User Interface (Tullis and Albert 317). At present, there are products of online review benefits that can be utilized for this reason, including overview monkey, KeySurvey, WebSurveyor, QuestionPro, and Free Online Surveys. I will do additionally research to recognize the best overview administrations to utilize. Selection of surveys is fundamentally persuaded by their simplicity of getting a handle on of numerous individuals and the intensity of indicating numerous crowds. Agenda Although numerous agendas are intended for appraisal of equipment, they can likewise be utilized for programming evaluation. The agenda that will be utilized in assessment of UI will be founded on a basic idea. Each structure rule will be highlighted as an individual passage in the rundown. To demonstrate weighing of significance, a space will be shown after every passage, trailed by a space to demonstrate estimation of consistence. The last space will remember notes for whether comments have been made to insinuate unequivocal structure insufficiencies or some other related data. The assessment of agenda will be founded on assessment of User Systems Interface. There are six general useful regions of USI plan that will be secured including information section, structure, information show, client direction, arrangement control, information transmission, and information insurance. Report III: Final depiction of framework issues and arrangements Why is it critical to comprehend who are the partners and their communication with the UI? Understanding

Burmese Days: an Example of Imperialism

Burmese Days: An Example of Imperialism Nineteenth century industrialization carried new wealth and influence to Western Europe, driving the development of chances and the structure of realms in lacking domains. In spite of the fact that the created nations carried numerous cutting edge innovations to immature countries, they likewise brought furious bigotry and European egotism. Burmese Days by George Orwell was written in 1834 as an ironical perspective on English royal life in Burma. Orwell gives a sensible perception of the egotism the English showed towards the locals and how they legitimized their activities. Europeans carried numerous new advancements to the nations that they imperialized. They assembled railways and different kinds of foundation, and they acquired new innovation weaponry and assembling. Nonetheless, it appears that their extraordinary pomposity had the most effect on the local individuals. Cecil Rhoads encapsulates the disposition of all Europeans when he says â€Å"I fight that we are the best race on the planet and that the a greater amount of the world we occupy the better it is† (Hunt et al 802). Despite the fact that Orwell’s characters in Burmese Days are English, the disposition was not select to the English. Chase et al talks about how King Leopold of Belgium asserted the Congo district of focal Africa â€Å"inflicting on nearby Africans unmatched demonstrations of cruelty† (801). The way that the Europeans figured themselves better than every single other race appears to give them consent to treat the local individuals in any way they pick. Ellis is a case of an extraordinary bigot in Orwell’s work. Ellis is an individual from the European Club, a chief at the timber organization, and is the most candid and clearly supremacist character in the novel. He regurgitates forward a harangue of foul language and verbally abusing coordinated towards the Burmese individuals at each chance. Nobody can dissuade him or change his mentality, as he is totally oblivious in regards to any charming characteristics of the local individuals. He is angry of Flory, the hero, who has a love for the Burmese and who thinks about Burma his home. Despite the fact that Flory has an affection towards the Burmese individuals, he despite everything views himself as better than them which is particularly exhibited through his communications his Mistress, Ma Hla May. On the day he meets Elizabeth, when Ma Hla May shows up he advises her â€Å"Go away right now. On the off chance that you raise any hell I will a while later take a bamboo and beat you till not one of your ribs is whole† (Orwell 87). It is far fetched that he would help through with the beating, however the danger shows his sentiment of predominance. The mentalities of the English aren't right, however maybe justifiable. They expect that in light of the fact that the Burmese are not taught in a similar way as the English, they are not as astute. Since the nation isn't industrialized they have no aspiration. Since they are easygoing and don't battle the English (who have firearms), they have given up to their regular spot in the public arena. Since their skin is earthy colored rather than white, they are not delightful. One must question how history would change if the Europeans of the nineteenth century and all individuals up to today would decide to learn and comprehend the way of life of others instead of pass decisions and make suppositions. Similarly as battles between the upper and lower class were conceived from an absence of comprehension for the different man’s condition in the beginning of industrialization, the equivalent is valid for the hours of colonialism. The English in Burmese Days have assumed responsibility for the region with no thought to the predicament of the local individuals. They are more grounded and in their own reality they are more astute. The solid rule the frail, and the powerless must choose the option to submit. One can be cheerful that solid social orders will gain proficiency with the prizes of building others up through training and sharing instead of tearing others down through strength and segregation. At long last, Burmese Days is a tragic story. The hero, John Flory ends it all over the loss of the lady he adores. In any case, the saddest piece of the story is that the English never truly find the blunder of their boss disposition. In spite of the fact that these are anecdotal characters, unmistakably they will experience existence with their grandiose mentalities, and will never recognize what the Burmese can educate them. They have persuaded themselves so completely that their activities are supported; there is no expectation for change for them, yet there is still trust in us. Work Cited Hunt, Lynn et al. The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures. Boston. Bedford/St. Martin’s. 2007. Orwell, George. Burmese Days. New York. Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc. 1950.

Cheap Pool Party Heres How To Throw One

Cheap Pool Party Heres How To Throw One How to Throw a Cheap Pool Party (Thats Still Awesome)! How to Throw a Cheap Pool Party (Thats Still Awesome)!Whether you’re lucky enough to have a pool, know someone with a pool, or are planning to jump a fence in the middle of the night, there’s no party like a pool party! But you don’t want to wash away all your savings on one fun evening.Which is why we’ve talked to only the chillest of pool party professors to get you the tips you need for affordable fun in the sun.Don’t go overboard on decorations.Depending what kind of party planner you are, you might not even want decorations. You might just set the ambiance with a jammin’ pool party playlist, but if you want a treat for the eyes as well as the ears, there are decoration options you can choose that are cheaper than hanging streamers of dollar bills around the backyard.Natasha Rachel Smith, head of global communications at TopCashBack (@TopCashBackUSA), advises you to say “no” to expensive decorations: “Everyone aims to have an Instagram-worthy party, but that doe sn’t come cheap. Shop around for pool games and floats and decorations at discount stores such as Walmart and FiveBelow. Instead of paying from $20 to $100 per item, you can snag goodies for a little as five bucks.”David Bakke (@YourFinances101), a financial expert at MoneyCrashers.com (@MoneyCrashers), offered another cheap option, “For any decorations for the party, get them at the dollar store. Youll likely just discard them afterward anyways.”Wait thirty minutes.Any great party needs food, and the pool variety is no exception. Whether you’re a grill master, a snack supplier, some combination of those two, or an option we haven’t even considered, there’s no reason you have to overspend on your party food.Smith suggests focusing on a few options:  â€œWhile you might want to please everyone’s palates, don’t go overboard with the menu. Stick to simple items such as sandwiches, grilled food, and beverages. Consider buying items in bulk to help save money, since youâ €™ll most likely use them again this summer. Don’t be afraid to buy hot dogs or hamburgers in large quantities with the intention to freeze any unused food for subsequent events. If you live in a household with a lot of mouths to feed, I often recommend purchasing wholesale store memberships as they tend to pay for themselves in the first few months. Make all big quantity purchases at wholesale stores such as Costco or BJs to take advantage of their notorious buy-in-bulk offers. You’ll earn up to three percent cashback by doing so through TopCashback.com.”Bakke also recommended using coupon options, as well as shopping smart and limiting your guest list: “For the grocery shopping, be sure to use coupons. There are plenty of mobile apps that have digital coupons and theyre in the newspaper as well. You could probably get away with a few generics or store brands as well on your food and supply purchases, the quality is usually equal. If serving alcohol, stick with just beer an d wine, and ask your liquor store if they offer a discount for buying in bulk or paying in cash. You may want to limit the guest list as wellâ€"the fewer attendees, the less you have to buy. You could also make the party of a potluck variety, where each guest brings a drink, dessert, or side dish. Thats an excellent way to cut costs. Check your credit cards for the best cash back program to use for your general purchasing as well.”Obviously, you can’t force guests to bring stuff, but if you’re the one providing access to a pool, it’s really the least they can do. Put a big BYOB at the bottom of the invitation. And speaking of invitations…Invitation to the future.Paper invitations might seem classic, but it isn’t Victorian times anymore, and aside from the trees you’ll save, there’s no reason to spend money on paper invites. These days, all the coolest invitations are happening online.Jennifer Skarakis, founder of Sendomatic Invitations (@Sendomatic), told us how her online invites can be a great party option:“Electronic invitations are drastically less expensive than paper invites. Some are free and some services charge a minimal fee.“Here are some of our free Pool Party email invitations.“There many benefits from using digital invitations including RSVP management, calendaring, ticket sales and guest communication. We have found that party throwers also use polling to collect even more information about guests.“Since 1999, we have seen a steady increase of digital invitations usage for all sorts of summer parties and events: BBQs, Reunions, Fathers Day, Weddings and 4th of July. Email invitations have become increasingly more popular and easy to use. Some including even sound and animation! Email and text message invitations are easy to set up and a great way to invite friends and family to events.”Smith also recommended getting on the electronic invite train, saying, “Pool parties should be merry, stress-free and simple, so don’ t complicate it by overspending on fancy invitations. Using Evite or creating a Facebook event page is a great way to showcase the anticipated fun in the sun to your guests. Both offer free services or you could opt for Evite’s premium designs. Paying for them via TopCashback will cut more than a third (35 percent) off the cost.”Party box!Too busy to do the work of planning a party? Asher Weinstein, marketing manager at Birthday in a Box (@BirthdayInABox) and Costume SuperCenter (@CostumeSC), suggested pool party planners try out Birthday in a Box and offered some additional planning tips:“We created a great resource of pool party ideas that you can find here.“Some ideas include:Create a summer pool party music playlistHave a photo booth for your guests to capture all of the fun moments. Include silly props.Play games like Marco Polo, limbo, and sharks and minnowsFun desserts to keep things cool!”Now that summer is in full swing, use these tip to get your pool fun on for l ess!Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsDavid Bakke  (@YourFinances101) is a finance expert  who  started his own personal finance blog, YourFinances101, in June of 2009 and published his first book on ways to save more and spend less called ““Don’t Be A Mule…” Since then he has been a regular contributor at Money Crashers.Natasha Rachel Smith  (@topcashbackusa) is head of global communications at TopCashback.com. Natasha’s background is in retail, banking, personal finance and consumer empowerment; ranging from sales to journalism, marketing, public relations and spokesperson work during a 17-year career period. She’s originally from London, UK, but moved to Montclair, New Jersey, USA, several years ago to launch and run the American arm of the British-owned TopCashback brand; a global consumer empowerment and money-saving portal company.Jennifer Skarakis (@Sendomatic), an accomplished Brand Graphic Designer, has built a name for hers elf and her company Sendo Invitations in the Event Planning Management industry. This successful entrepreneur and mother of three continues to grow her company while hosting community events with her husband Chris in their refurbished barn. Jennifer has a BA in Graphic Design and Interior Architecture from UC Davis.Asher Weinstein is the marketing manager at Birthday In A Box (@BirthdayInABox) and their sister site, Costume SuperCenter (@CostumeSC). There isnt a birthday party supplies website on the internet that can help you plan a party as quickly and easily as Birthday in a Box. Our site offers a ton of party ideas, themes and low priced party supplies for any birthday or event.

Research Paper on Schizophrenia

Research Paper on Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a well known emotional and mental disorder that causes hallucinations, paranoid and delusional behaviour. In contrary to many other diseases, schizophrenia is mostly affected and caused by external environment. People that are suffering from this disorder usually cannot differentiate their imaginative world from the real one. Schizophrenia is very often a result of stress and develops gradually. It is therefore, very important to start early treatment of the disease. A lot of literature gave attention and analysed this disorder, contributing great and extremely interesting data on causes, diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia. Due to its nature, this illness received a lot of reflection in the movies and the main reasons why I have chosen this topic for my research is the attention it received in non-scientific literature and cinematography. One of good examples of the movies that raise the question of schizophrenia is â€Å"A Beautiful Mind†. In this research paper I would like to raise some of the ethical issues, related to the propaganda of mental diseases and schizophrenia in cinematography. In the scale of this research I would like to analyse possible negative effects of exploitation of the topic in mass media and movies and receive the reaction of the population in this respect. People, suffering from schizophrenia, are very sensitive to the destruction of their imaginative reality. Any intervention in their comfort zone can cause further complications. As a result of this research, we expect to get detailed analysis and multi-angle view on the â€Å"commercialization† of schizophrenia in the cinematography and drive specific conclusions for further academic and practical reference. We do not target to drive â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† conclusion, neither do we

Why did moral reform movements gather strength in the...

In the mid to late 1800s, a great moral reform movement swept the nation of America. Men, Women, Slaves, people who had never been admitted to influence the religious sector of the Nation were now standing up, and making their voices heard. A patriots History says, â€Å"There were transformations of attitudes about social relationships, health, prisons, education, and the status of women and African American slaves†¦. [This] grew into a substantial Jacksonian reform movement.† This moral reform movement was driven by three main beliefs, or Isms. These were Communal-ism, Feminism, and Abolitionism, all leading us up directly to the Civil War Without the dissent caused by these new movements, it is quite possible that the Civil War would have†¦show more content†¦This rejection of traditionally held values in regard to women, led to the very next Ism, Feminism. Feminism was a Utopians dream because it advocated greatly expanded roles for women. By the time of th e precedent-setting New York State court case Mercein v. People in 1842, women had gained many other rights. In Mercein vs. People a woman was awarded custody of children for the first time in history. Up till this point women had gained property rights within marriage in several Ohio and Mississippi Valley states, and the trend was spreading, fast, and divorce became slightly more prevalent, with the legal grounds increased. With the growth of the Industrial Revolution, women were given work opportunities, and with a rising demand for teachers more and more women were becoming educated in institutions. Nursing jobs also became popular. In1849, Elizabeth Blackwell received her M.D. degree from the Medical Institution of Geneva, N.Y., becoming the first woman in the U.S. with a medical degree. â€Å"All these causes lead women, inevitably, towards feminism, a socio-religious and socio-political philosophy born at the end of the Age of Jackson.† Feminism was affecting moral ref orm, and was right there at the heart. These women activists pushed and shoved till they got their way. The final force was the Declaration of Sentiments at Seneca Falls, New York on 1848. SarahShow MoreRelatedInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 Pageshistory, the division of Korea into two parts with very different economic institutions and the colonization of much of the world by European powers starting in the fifteenth century. We then develop the basic outline of a framework for thinking about why economic institutions differ across countries. Economic institutions determine the incentives of and the constraints on economic actors, and shape economic outcomes. As such, they are social decisions, chosen for their consequences. Because differentRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |   656 PagesSandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed.,Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesSwitzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York ß Oxford University Press 2006 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means

Warfare In The Information Age Commerce Essay Free Essays

string(60) " of the force with the best possible operating environment\." The paper is focused on alterations occurred in military organisations in Information Age. During Industrial Age the military construction of forces evolved harmonizing with rules of decomposition, specialisation, hierarchy, optimisation, deconfliction, centralized planning, and decentralised executing. But now the solutions based upon Industrial Age premises and patterns will interrupt down and neglect in the Information Age. We will write a custom essay sample on Warfare In The Information Age Commerce Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This will go on no affair how good intentioned, hardworking, or dedicated the leading and the force are. Two cardinal force capablenesss needed by Information Age armed forcess are interoperability and legerity. Both interoperability and legerity are provided by Network centric warfare theory of war. â€Å" Ages † are proclaimed when something happens to do a discontinuity in multiple dimensions that affect civilisation. Economicss and power are historically closely related. What distinguish the Information Age from the Industrial Age are the economic sciences of information and the nature of the power of information. With the coming of the Information Age, there is an chance to supply widespread entree to information-related services and capablenesss merely dreamed about in old epochs. This increased entree to information provides an chance to rethink the ways that we organize, manage, and control. For the really first clip in history the information power burst the efficiency at such degree which is really hard and expensive to be overcome by mass. The original principle, cognition is power, conveyed the impression that an person ‘s worth was related to their ownership of information. The more exclusivity associated with the ownership, the more valuable the information. Hence, information was a trade good like any other trade good, whose value was related to scarceness. Individual and organisational behaviours reflected this value paradigm. Hoarding information and working its scarceness have been the norm for some clip. These behaviours can no longer be tolerated because the economic sciences of information have changed. With the cost of information and its airing dropping dramatically, information has become a dominant factor in the value concatenation for about every merchandise or service. As the costs bead, so make the barriers to entry. Hence, rivals in many spheres are prehending on the chance provided by â€Å" inexpensive † information and communications to redefine concern procedures and merchandises. These tendencies apply to the kingdom of national security every bit good. Information Age constructs and engineerings are being adopted by many states. The military response to the Information Age is Network Centric Warfare. Industrial Age bequest The term network-centric warfare loosely describes the combination of schemes, emerging tactics, techniques, and processs, and organisations that a to the full or even a partly networked force can use to make a decisive war contending advantage. The key to understand the term web centric warfare is command and control ( C2 ) attack. Command and Control ( C2 ) is the common military term for direction of forces and resources. The rules underlying traditional bid and command apply non merely to Industrial Age warfare, but besides to Industrial Age economic systems and concerns, are decomposition, specialisation, hierarchy, optimisation, deconfliction, centralized planning, and decentralised executing. The rule of decomposition is using a â€Å" divide and conquer † outlook to all jobs. The patterns of dividing combat into land, sea, and air ( and infinite ) , are an illustration of break uping warfare into manageable pieces. If a sound set of decompositions is made, so these organisational subsets of the organisation can develop professional fortes that help the overall organisation to execute its mission and accomplish its aims. In military personal businesss, specialisation ( creative activity of calling subdivisions and really specialised organisations ) enabled much more efficient calling development and preparation. During military operations, the specialised capablenesss frequently generated capacities that merely could non be created by groups of Renaissance mans. The organisational effect of Industrial Age specialisation is hierarchy. The attempts of persons and extremely specialised entities must be focused and controlled so that they act in concert to accomplish the ends of the larger organisations that they support. The size and the figure of degrees that separate the leader ( s ) of an endeavor and the specializers that are needed to carry through the undertakings at manus are a map of the overall size of the endeavor and the effectual span of control. The figure of beds is a map of the span of control. As the span of control lessenings, the figure of beds that are needed ( for an organisation of the same size ) increases. In such hierarchies, information demands to flux up and down the concatenation of bid. This is true of policy information, plans, orders, and information about the battlespace ( both studies about the enemy and studies about friendly forces ) . The more beds, the longer this takes and the higher the chance of an mistake or deformation. Even today, correspondence to a member of a military bid is officially addressed to the dominating officer of the unit and is so distributed by the central offices. In other words, all information intended for subsidiaries is recognized as belonging to and fluxing through the hierarchy. Indeed, control of information was a major tool for commanding Industrial Age organisations. Industrial Age armed forcess decomposed the battlespace, created superimposed organisations, divided into specialisations, and organized forces into hierarchies. Thinking that this attack transformed the complexness of war and big operations into a aggregation of simple, manageable undertakings and jobs, the Industrial Age military felt that they were able to concentrate on the optimisation of procedures. Virtually all Industrial Age armed forcess created â€Å" approved scenarios † against which their threat-based determinations were optimized. Of class, they experienced troubles when forced to contend against military organisations other than those they had planned against. Given that the elements of military forces were optimized for specific missions under good known and understood fortunes, Industrial Age bid and control processes relied to a great extent on control steps that would deconflict the elements of the force. The ultimate end was to supply each component of the force with the best possible operating environment. You read "Warfare In The Information Age Commerce Essay" in category "Essay examples" This was a natural effect of specialisation and optimisation. Deconfliction is far better than conflicted operations ( where friendly units impede one another ) , but it falls good short of the public presentation possible when military assets are employed synergistically. Planing became a important portion of Industrial Age bid and control because it enabled commanding officers to set up forces and events in clip and infinite so as to maximise the likeliness of success ( mission achievement ) . Industrial Age commanding officers were, nevertheless, aware of the breakability of programs in the face of the harsh and dynamic operating environment of combat. One of the most celebrated citations about planning is, â€Å" No program survives first contact with the enemy. † Understanding the bounds of military programs, commanding officers ( peculiarly in extremely professional forces ) encouraged inaugural ( invention and aggressive actions ) and decentralized executing within the overall commanding officer ‘s purpose. This was non merely a grant to the built-in trouble of anticipating all contingencies. It was besides a contemplation of the fact that the commanding officer on the scene frequently had better information than those removed from the battlespace. Taken together, they create a form correspondent to command theory. The Industrial Age rules and patterns of decomposition, specialisation, hierarchy, optimisation, and deconfliction, combined with Industrial Age bid and control based on centralised planning and decentralised executing, will non allow an organisation to convey all of its information ( and expertness ) or its assets to bear. In add-on, Industrial Age organisations are non optimized for interoperability or legerity. Therefore, solutions based upon Industrial Age premises and patterns will interrupt down and neglect in the Information Age. This will go on no affair how good intentioned, hardworking, or dedicated the leading and the force are. Two cardinal force capablenesss needed by Information Age armed forcess are interoperability and legerity. Organizations that are merchandises of Industrial Age believing are non good suited for important betterments in interoperability or legerity [ 1 ] . 3. Network centric warfare Network centric warfare ( NCW ) is an emerging theory of war in the Information Age. The term network-centric warfare loosely describes the combination of schemes, emerging tactics, techniques, and processs, and organisations that a to the full or even a partly networked force can use to make a decisive war contending advantage. A networked force carry oning web centric operations ( NCO ) is an indispensable enabler for the behavior of effects based operations. Effectss based operations ( EBO ) are â€Å" sets of actions directed at determining the behaviour of friends, neutrals, and enemies in peace, crisis, and war. † NCW generates increased combat power by networking detectors, determination shapers, and taws to accomplish shared awareness, increased velocity of bid, high pacing of operations, greater deadliness, increased survivability, and a grade of self-synchronization. In kernel, it translates information advantage into combat power by efficaciously associating friendly forces within the battlespace, supplying a much improved shared consciousness of the state of affairs, enabling more rapid and effectual determination devising at all degrees of military operations, and thereby leting for increased velocity of executing. Information engineering progresss in the countries of bid and control ( C2 ) ; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance ( ISR ) ; and preciseness arms bringing are dramatically reshaping the behavior of warfare in the twenty-first century. NCW will speed up the determination rhythm by associating detectors, communications webs, and arms systems via an interrelated grid, thereby heightening our ability to accomplish information and determination high quality over an adversary during the behavior of military operations. While NCW is the theory, web centric operations ( NCO ) is the theory put into action. In other words, the behavior of NCO represents the execution of NCW. The aim of determination high quality is to turn an information advantage into a competitory advantage. This competitory advantage is readily evident when comparing forces carry oning NCO and those runing under the old paradigm of platform centric operations. Platform centric forces lack the ability to leverage the synergisms created through a networked force. A force implementing NCW is more adaptative, ready to react to uncertainness in the really dynamic environment of the hereafter at all degrees of warfare and across the scope of military operations. Over 1000s of old ages of recorded history, the huge bulk of inventions that created important war contending advantages were concentrated in the physical sphere as opposed to the information sphere. These inventions translated chiefly into advantages at the tactical degree of warfare, but they besides had an impact on what are now by and large referred to as the operational and strategic degrees of warfare. They resulted in such battleground advantages as: increased scope of battle, increased deadliness, increased velocity of manoeuvre and increased protection and survivability. While all of these illustrations of invention are considered platform centric, the past century has besides seen many inventions focused on making advantage in the information sphere. The ability to develop and work an information advantage has ever been of import in warfare, therefore the eternity of security and surprise as of import rules of war. While the importance of invention in the information sphere in the yesteryear has been great, its importance has gained critical significance in warfare today [ 2 ] . Fig. 1 The Military as a Network-Centric Enterprise In a more proficient sense, a networked force improves operational pacing by speed uping the Observation-Orientation stages of Boyd ‘s Observation-Orientation-Decision-Action ( OODA ) cringle. Identified during the 1970s by US Air Force strategian John Boyd, the OODA is an abstraction which describes the sequence of events while must take topographic point in any military battle. The opposition must be observed to garner information so the aggressor must point himself to the state of affairs or context, so make up one’s mind and move consequently. The OODA cringle is therefore cardinal to all military operations, from strategic down to single combat. It loop is an inevitable portion of world and has been so since the first tribal wars of 25,000 old ages ago, as it is cardinal to any predator-prey interaction in the biological universe. Sadly, its proper apprehension had to wait until the seventiess. At a philosophical and practical degree what confers a cardinal advantage in battles is the ability to remain in front of an opposition and order the pacing of the engagement – to keep the enterprise and maintain an opposition off balance. In consequence, the aggressor forces his opposition into a reactive position and denies the opposition any chance to drive the battle to an advantage. The participant with the faster OODA cringle, all else being equal, will get the better of the opposition with the slower OODA cringle by barricading or pre-empting any move the opposition with the slower OODA cringle efforts to do. The four constituents of the OODA cringle can be split into three which are associated with processing information, and one which is associated with motion and application of firepower. Observation-Orientation-Decision is information centric while Action is kinematic or centered in motion, place and firepower. If we aim to speed up our OODA loops to accomplish higher operational pacing than an enemy, we have to speed up all four constituents of the cringle. Much of 20th century war contending technique and engineering dealt with speed uping the kinetic part of the OODA cringle. Mobility, preciseness and firepower additions were the consequence of this development. There are practical bounds as to how far we can force the kinetic facet of the OODA loop – more destructive arms produce indirect harm, faster platforms and arms incur of all time increasing costs. Consequently we have seen development decelerate down in this sphere since the sixtiess. Many arms and platforms widely used today were designed in the 1950s may stay in usage for decennaries to come. Observation-Orientation-Decision are all about garnering information, administering information, analysing information, understanding information and make up one’s minding how to move upon this information. The faster we can garner, administer, analyse, understand information, the faster we can make up one’s mind, and arguably the better we can make up one’s mind how and when to move in combat. Networking is a mechanism via which the Observation-Orientation stages of the cringle can be accelerated, and the Decision stage facilitated [ 3 ] . Decision The warfare in Information Age will be different than warfare in Industrial Age. In order to accomplish a military high quality the military forces should accommodate to the new conditions. The merely networked the existent construction of ground forces is non plenty. A new construction of ground forces must be making which should let exchange of information at a high velocity. At this point the velocity of action will hold a great impact to the bid and control. Command and control can non obey the direction map of planning, forming, staffing, directing and commanding. During the battle the bid and control should obey OODA cringle. In fact during the edifice of force the commanding officer should by a skilled director but during the battle the commanding officer should use command theory that trades with the behaviour of dynamical systems. The OODA cringle is a simple and efficient theoretical account to depict the world of battle. How to cite Warfare In The Information Age Commerce Essay, Essay examples

Strategic Information System Accounting Business and Sections

Question: Describe about the Strategic Information System for Accounting Business and Sections. Answer: Introduction The study focuses on the case study analysis of a Sydney based company. The name of the company is Disk4U. It is into selling Vinyl records and CDs. It is a small and medium enterprise that has four outlets present in the metropolitan city of Sydney. Apparently, the company sells most of it orders through the physical stores via phone orders and emails. However, a new channel of sales is being established by the company for the increase of sales. It is through Ebay. The introduction of online channel has opened many gateways to the company for targeting various customers from different parts of the city. Implementation of online channel in this scenario not only helps the company in targeting customers of Sydney, but also from other parts of Australia. In this circumstance, the company is facing problem in handling the details of business accounts manually. The case study wants the solution of handling business reports and accounting in a better way. It will be provided in the follow ing in a detailed manner. Technology is a factor that is used in most of the business operations by all types of corporations. The study will focus on the implementation of technologies in the accounting sections and business reports. Case Study Analysis Information technology is the latest trends that are used in every field of operations in the business world. There are many types of technologies that are used in the accounting field to avoid manual mistakes that are done by human while handling accounts in pen and paper. The uses of technologies have many benefits in the reporting of the business and in the accounting section. In the present scenario, Disk4U is gradually expanding its business operations in the online platforms (Elbashir et al. 2013). Expansion of business in the online platforms not only includes profitability but also includes more customer engagement, increased promotional activities, marketing of the products, sales reports, demand forecasts, prediction of supposed profit in the coming year etc. The profitability and the finance section of the company come under the section of accounting while the rest business actions come under different business operations. Hence, business reporting of the company requires reporting of the above mentioned business operations to the managing director along with other senior members of the company in its Sydney branches (Belfo and Trigo 2013). The accountant of the company has an understanding of the language of accounting in businesses. Advancement of technology in this field will enhance the ability of the accountant of the company in order to analyze the values of statistics in a more efficient and effective manner. The accountant of the company on using technology will easily be able to interpret business language in an easy way (Yeh et al. 2014). Following are the list of technologies and software that the company can use in the business reporting section also along with the accounting section. There are many software available for accounting. However, the company will use the free software for accomplishing the purposes. It will save much costing of the company. A selected amount of budget is also allocated for the clean sheet strategy that is des cribed below (Alpar et al. 2015). Software, internet and equipments can be used for the accounting purpose. These operations will help in managing the sales of the company through online channels. Various equipments can be used in terms of managing g accounts such as printers, computers, scanners, faxes, etc. The good part regarding the usage of these equipments is low cost. The company can easily afford these equipments within the stipulated budget. However, these machines are fast, sophisticated and very easy to handle (Bhatt 2015). Apart from that, there is various software that is listed for the use of business reporting and accounting. They are Business Intelligence and Reporting Tools, LibreOffice, and Microsoft Power Business Intelligence. BIRT project is a project based on software that provides capabilities of business intelligence and reporting for different clients. It is one of the best software that can be used by the company for business reporting. The software provides wide range of enterprise and operational reporting along with other facilities. BIRT project is considered as top level software that is useful not only for open source software and different vendors of software industry (Hiebl 2014). The company can use this software as the main purpose is for allowing the developers of the application in integrating reports that run the application. LibreOffice is composed of programs that are used for creation of drawings, slideshows and databases. Mathematical calculation is also done by using formulae. The software can be run in 110 different languages. The accounting professionals can use the software in their preferred language. Accountants use the LibreOffice in the different computing programs such as OS X, Microsoft Windows and Linux. The company can also perform some multimedia tasks using the software that is considered as an added benefit. An advantage of using LibreOffice is it can be used for database management. The accounting professionals can perform preparation of business reports, management of databases, etc. by using this software. An embedded storage engine is added to the software (Tyrychtr et al. 2015). It is known as Firebird. Employees of the company can use the software for storing data regarding the new online business of the company. Apart from the above two software, there is another one software that can be used by the accounting professional in the company such as Microsoft Power Business Intelligence. the features that can be availed by the company on using this software are scorecards and dashboards, performance management, data warehousing, predictive analytics and data mining. Data mining is an advantage for the accounting professionals regarding management of data (Tank 2015). The business intelligence tool can be used for creation of different purposes of business reporting. Management of online channel by Disk4U will help the company for attracting more customer base. Finally, it would lead to increased sales of the company. References Alpar, P., Engler, T.H. and Schulz, M., 2015. Influence of social software features on the reuse of business intelligence reports.Information Processing Management,51(3), pp.235-251. Belfo, F. and Trigo, A., 2013. Accounting information systems: Tradition and future directions.Procedia Technology,9, pp.536-546. Bhatt, V.N., 2015. A Study on the Analytics Tool Used in Decision Making at Small and Medium Enterprise.Business Analytics Intelligence, p.17. Elbashir, M.Z., Collier, P.A., Sutton, S.G., Davern, M.J. and Leech, S.A., 2013. Enhancing the business value of business intelligence: The role of shared knowledge and assimilation.Journal of Information Systems,27(2), pp.87-105. Hiebl, M.R., 2014. Upper echelons theory in management accounting and control research.Journal of Management Control,24(3), pp.223-240. Tank, D.M., 2015. Enable better and timelier decision-making using real-time business intelligence system.International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business,7(1), p.43. Tyrychtr, J., Ulman, M. and Vostrovsk, V., 2015. Evaluation of the state of the business intelligence among small czech farms.Agricultural Economics,61(2), pp.63-71. Yeh, I.J., Chang, C.L., Ueng, J. and Ramaswamy, V., 2014. Reducing Risk through Governance: Impact of Compensation, Defense, and Accounting Practices.International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management (IJRCM),3(2), pp.43-53.

The Underwater World Essay Example For Students

The Underwater World Essay There you are, totally weightless, quietly soaring just above the sea floor with only the smallest amount of physical exertion. Small fish come out of their holes to look at you. How about that? You are the curiosity. You are the thing that does not belong. Perhaps this is why you dive. You are taking part in exploring mans last ecological frontier. The very thought would excite anyone whose blood still flows in his veins. The diver is the observer, he looks at everything he can. He totally forgets the outside world (Reseck 4). When I first read this piece, I got goosebumps. For years man has explored this vast universe, spending millions of dollars, and only making a tiny scratch on its surface. For me, to be able to explore a world completely different from mine sounds like an opportunity of a lifetime. When I had to choose a topic for my senior project, scuba diving was the most compelling of all. This paper is about the development and use, the techniques, and the physiological c oncerns of scuba diving. We will write a custom essay on The Underwater World specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Man underwater dates all the way back to the Iliad, but sports diving for fun and for a profession is fairly new. If one has ever been underwater, he should know that breathing is impossible. In the early 1940s, Jaques Yves-Cousteau, a Frenchman, developing something that is now a very important asset to scuba diving. It is known to us as a regulator. The regulator conserved air by releasing only the amount of air thediver needed to breathe. This increased the time the diver could stay down on one tank of air to about one hour if he were in shallow depths. Cousteaus regulator was simple and inexpensive and marked the beginning of the sport of scuba diving. The sport grew somewhat slowly through the late 40s and early 50s because, although the diver could now stay underwater for an extended period of time, in most parts of the world the water was so cold that he was forced to leave the water after a short time (Reseck 16). In the early 1950s, rubber suits were designed. They were used to keep the diver warm. These old dry suits were worn over long underwear and sweat suits or sweaters. The clothing acted as an insulator, and the rubber suit was used to simply keep the insulation dry. But when the easily punctured dry suits were torn, the insulation became wet, thus causing the insulation to be ineffective. But a new suit, called the wet suit was invented. The wet suit actually strapped a thin layer of water next to the divers body, which soon heated up to body temperature and acted as insulation. Nowadays, foam neoprene is used for all wet suits. When the demand for wet suits increased, manufacturers developed the standard small, medium, and large sizes. As the market continued to grow, the neoprene material was improved by making it softer and more flexible. A backing was also added on the neoprene to increase its durability and service. The market grew larger still, and ready made suits came in extra small, small, medium, medium large, large, and extra large sizes. Today, almost anyone can walk into a store and come out with a good suit that fits (Reseck 17). Scuba diving can be very dangerous and, if not approached safely, one must know the precautions and dangers before jumping into water to dive. There are several ways to dive underwater. One way is the Pike Surface dive. Start from a prone position on the surface. Sweep both arms back toward the hips at the same time and bend sharply at the hips so that the head and trunk point directly toward the bottom of the pool. With palms facing forward, bring the arms up forcibly, in line with the head, and lift both legsstraight and togetherout of the water so that they, too, form a straight line with the body. Let the weight of the legs force the body to submerge. Do not kick until the feet are below the surface, then either kick for greater depth or straighten out for an underwater swim (Counsilman and Drinkwater 29). Another dive is the Feet First dive. Tread water over the spot where the dive is to be made. Raise the body out of the water with a strong kick and a downward push with the hands and arms. Then straighten legs, point toes, and raise the arms overhead. The weight of the upper body and the arms will force the entire body under the surface. When the downward motion stops, bend at the hips and, with and underwater pike, either continue the dive headfirst or level off to swim (Counsilman and Drinkwater 29). The mask, the snorkel, and the fins are three of the most important tools in diving. Occasionally, water may seep into the mask, or the mask may become dislodged and flooded while the diver is under the surface. Sometimes a diver can simply surface when the mask becomes flooded, but it may be necessary to clear the mask before surfacing in order to have visibility during the ascent. Grasp the mask and pull it away from the face to allow the mask to flood. Roll the head to one side so that the face plate is turned to the surface. Hold the uppermost side of the mask firmly against the face, and exhale into the mask through the nose. The air trapped in the mask will fill the space and force the water out under the bottom edge. Some divers prefer to clear the mask by holding it firmly against the forehead and tilting the head back until they are looking up at the surface before blowing into it. Common errors are failing to tilt the mask toward the surface, pressing the top edge so tightl y against the face that the mask is pulled away from other parts of the face, and allowing air to escape under the top edge of the mask by failing to hold the mask firmly in place (Counsilman and Drinkwater 31-33). .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 , .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .postImageUrl , .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 , .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691:hover , .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691:visited , .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691:active { border:0!important; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691:active , .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What I Believe - Life Lessons Learned as a Child EssayThe snorkel is a critical tool for breathing underwater. Most divers attach the snorkel to the mask strap so it cannot be easily lost underwater. First, slip the mouthpiece into the mouth and bite down on the rubber projections with teeth. The wide flange should fit between the teeth and lips. It is common for the snorkel, stand in shallow water, take a deep breath and submerge until the snorkel is completely filled. Straighten out until the back of the head is clear of the water but the face is still submerged. Next, make a quick hard blow to clear the water from the tube. Now you should have a clear snorkel (Counsilma n and Drinkwater 33). The fins are what make you move through the water in a faster and less rigorous fashion. Walking in fins on land should not be done because they are extremely awkward and could cause a fall. In shallow water, it is easier to walk backwards if you move slowly and slide the feet along the bottom. When the diver is equipped with fins, the hands are rarely used and held at the sides to help keep the body straight. When the fins are used, the most common kick is the flutter kick and is used on the surface and underwater. The legs are to stay relaxed. To get the full effect of the fins and to avoid necessary fatigue, kick at a slightly slower pace than usual. The toes should stay pointed, and the fins should be completely submerged (Counsilman and Drinkwater 33-34). When diving, the buddy system should always be used, and all equipment should be placed in reach from the dive site. A buddy is there to help you check your gear and, when underwater, to help you in case of an emergency. After you are in the water, put on the fins, mask, and snorkel, and, carrying a weight belt, walk slowly backward to the middle of a shallow area. Sit on the bottom with the weight belt across your thighs. When inhaling, the body should make a slow rise. If it does not rise, then the weight should be decreased. This makes the body neutrally buoyant. Always make sure the mouthpiece and mask are clear. Free ascent should also be learned in case of emergency and the diver must ascend without his gear. The ascent is made slowly, and a constant exhalation of air is required. If you hold your breath during an ascent after breathing compressed air, and air embolism can be caused. This is when air escapes the lungs and enters the bloodstream, causing bubbles to form in the v eins. These bubbles block the blood flow to the brain, causing death. Always exhale during a free ascent. The buddy breathing and ditch and recover methods are also important in diving. Buddy breathing is when you use your partners air during a dive if yours is not available. The mouthpiece is to be switched back and forth every two breaths. The ditch and recovery is when a diver ditches his gear, and recovers all of it in ten feet of water. These are all a few of the techniques used in scuba diving. In scuba diving, you can always learn something new. There are may techniques to learn and can always be improved (Counsilman and Drinkwater 34-39). In diving, there is always a chance you could be hurt. Safety is crucial, and there are quite a few physiological concerns in the sport. When descending in the water, Boyles law goes into effect immediately. As the water pressure surrounding the diver increases, the volumes of air both inside and outside the body of the body decrease in size. This pressure creates a compressing effect on the body that can result in injuries called Barotrauma. This can be avoided by equalization. The two major forms of Barotrauma on descent are internal and external squeeze. The sites of internal squeeze include the middle ear, the sinuses, and, occasionally, the teeth and intestines. As water pressure increases on descent, the air space in the middle ear is reduced, causing a vacuum, with the outside water forcing the flexible eardrum inward. If the internal air pressure is not equalized, the eardrum may become perforated. The sinus squeeze is when the sinuses are blocked. There are four sinuses that are filled with air and called the frontal, ethmoidal, maxillary, and sphenoidal, and come in pairs. The sinuses must be equalized just like the middle-ear space. Due to head colds, allergies, sinusitis, or smog, the sinus may become blocked, thus causing a sinus squeeze (Griffths 71-76). .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 , .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .postImageUrl , .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 , .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07:hover , .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07:visited , .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07:active { border:0!important; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07:active , .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Creation Vs Evolution EssayExternal squeezes are caused by the divers equipment, such as the mask or wetsuit. When an equipment squeeze occurs, body tissues are pulled out and away from divers, rather than pushed into them. The mask squeeze, which may be the most common external squeeze, is caused by the inability to equalize the air pressure between the mask and the face on the divers descent. To prevent a mask squeeze, the diver should exhale through the nose when suction is experienced on the face. A slow descent is also a way to help avoid this problem. A suit squeeze is another kind of squeeze to avoid. This is rare, but air pockets form between the suit and the skin and blood vessels on the surface of the skin could rupture. To prevent a suit squeeze, one must vent the suit of air and fill the former air pockets with water (Griffiths 76-78). The ascent is the same to the descent in relation to Boyles law, but in the ascent, the surrounding pressure decreases, causing air pockets to expand. The two most common types of ascent problems are lung overexpansion and decompression sickness. In lung overexpansion, when a diver breathing compressed air returns to the surface, air in the lungs will expand due to the decreasing water pressure. A diver must breath regularly on the ascent in order to allow this reexpanding air to vent itself normally. Breath holding, uncontrolled ascents, or airway blockage could cause the expanding air to rupture the air sacs in the lungs, allowing air bubbles to enter the body and resulting in tissue damage, blood circulation blockage, or both. Lung overexpansion can be avoided through self-control. Divers should be able to perform a controlled ascent at any time, with normal breathing or exhaling slowly along the way. Scuba divers must never hold their breath while ascending (Griffiths 78). Decompression sickness, aka: the bends, is one of the most feared diving maladies. With increasing depth, the partial pressure of nitrogen also increases. As the partial pressure of nitrogen elevates, it becomes more soluble in the tissues of the body. At the bottom, the diver with nitrogen dissolved in the tissues and bloodstream experiences no apparent problems. However, when ascending, significant pressure/volume change occur. If the rate of ascent is faster that the ability of the body to vent nitrogen through normal breathing, the nitrogen gas will expand and bubble-out of solution. To avoid the bends, diving well within the limits of the U.S. Navy no-decompression tables and following them is the only way (Griffiths 81-82). Hyperventilation, or shallow water blackout, has more potential to occur on skin dives rather that scuba dives, but may occur on both. Hyperventilation results when rapid, forced exhalations significantly lower the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, which may lead to unconsciousness. To treat hyperventilation, the airway should be opened by hyperextending the neck, mouth-to-mouth respiration may not be necessary if the carbon dioxide level build up and triggers the breathing mechanisms, which often happens (Griffiths 85). In conclusion, scuba diving is not a simple sport. There are many complexities that go along with it. In time, it has come along from being a difficult sport that is only allowed for a selective few, to a sport that almost anyone can participate in. The improvement in its technology makes it much easier for others to learn. Also, more research has been done on it, and now there is almost nothing more to research about it. It is a very complex to pic due to the scientific side of it. There are many scientific laws and there are many restrictions related to it. The only drawback of learning how to scuba dive is the cost. But if you are willing to spend about $450 and want to learn a lot more about scuba diving than the underwater portion, then by all meansgo ahead. After all, it is a completely different world down there. Bibliography:BibliographyCounsilman and Drinkwater. Beginning Skin and Scuba Diving. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc. 1964. Griffiths, Tom. Sport Scuba Diving in Depth. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Book Co., Publishing. 1985. NAUIAdventures In Scuba Diving. St. Louis, MO: MosbyYear Book, Inc. 1995. Nonnelly, Doug. Personal Interview. 1 Nov. 1998. Reseck, John. ScubaSafe and Simple. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc. 1975.

Free Essays on Business Starting

Introduction More and more people are beginning to open their minds to new business ventures. It seems like it is becoming the popular move. By opening a business there could be huge profit to be made, depending on the market. On the other hand, there are risks and losses that may occur as well. It is said that there are two reasons why people start a business. The first reason is because they have inspiration for what they believe would be a great idea and the second is from desperation. People have a need to make money and there are no jobs out there, which they found, that suites them or their needs. There are various different ways to start a business. Not all entrepreneurs begin their business by the thought of an idea. There are many other ways to go about starting a business. Buying a franchise, buying an existing company, the inventions of a product are all other ways to begin a business. People often start a business in a field that they know well. Although this is true, it is essential not to limit the perspectives of the kind of business to open. The areas outside of your interests may just be the right opportunity for you, which is why it is important to explore other areas. This paper will talk about the general ways in which to start a new business and how to go about doing it. Included will be how to get ideas to open a business, planning out the business structure, ways to get money to start the business, getting prepared, hiring the staff, and getting the word out to the public. Getting Ideas to Open a Business The business idea plays a critical role in the overall success of the business venture chosen. â€Å"It is part of the early pre-venture stage of business development that often goes unnoticed by those who are interested in getting into a business and by those involved in business development counselling/training ECanada 1). â€Å"There are many considerations that must be thought of before determine the success of ... Free Essays on Business Starting Free Essays on Business Starting Introduction More and more people are beginning to open their minds to new business ventures. It seems like it is becoming the popular move. By opening a business there could be huge profit to be made, depending on the market. On the other hand, there are risks and losses that may occur as well. It is said that there are two reasons why people start a business. The first reason is because they have inspiration for what they believe would be a great idea and the second is from desperation. People have a need to make money and there are no jobs out there, which they found, that suites them or their needs. There are various different ways to start a business. Not all entrepreneurs begin their business by the thought of an idea. There are many other ways to go about starting a business. Buying a franchise, buying an existing company, the inventions of a product are all other ways to begin a business. People often start a business in a field that they know well. Although this is true, it is essential not to limit the perspectives of the kind of business to open. The areas outside of your interests may just be the right opportunity for you, which is why it is important to explore other areas. This paper will talk about the general ways in which to start a new business and how to go about doing it. Included will be how to get ideas to open a business, planning out the business structure, ways to get money to start the business, getting prepared, hiring the staff, and getting the word out to the public. Getting Ideas to Open a Business The business idea plays a critical role in the overall success of the business venture chosen. â€Å"It is part of the early pre-venture stage of business development that often goes unnoticed by those who are interested in getting into a business and by those involved in business development counselling/training ECanada 1). â€Å"There are many considerations that must be thought of before determine the success of ...

ABA TIPS Article - Safety Misconduct Defenses Essay

ABA TIPS Article - Safety Misconduct Defenses - Essay Example te safety rules, provide safety training and devices, and in certain circumstances perform alcohol and drug testing as measures to safeguard employees from illnesses and injuries (Spurlock, 2012). Furthermore, in almost all cases, the employer must maintain and implement the said measures at their own expense. Statutorily, Kentucky as compared to Indiana and Tennessee provides the minimalistic amount of safety misconduct defense incentives in relation to employer safety rules. Workers compensation in the Kentucky statute provides for only a decrease in compensation benefits in regards to intentional failure to follow a safety rule of an employer (Spurlock, 2012). In addition, the statute also creates an affirmative defense regarding voluntary intoxication. Numerous employers have a simple safety rule that forbids horseplay. In Kentucky, it is not clear as to how horseplay receives treatment because, in several cases, injuries that involve horseplay are probably not considered to come out of the employment course, hence making horseplay act as a fully affirmative defense. Furthermore, the rules against horseplay have applied parallel consideration that have seen evaluation of the violation of non-horseplay safety rules is the history of the employers enforcing the rule of horseplay (Spurlock, 2012). Statutorily, the workers compensation of Indiana provides for an affirmative defense, barring compensation for all forms of safety misconducts (Spurlock, 2012). In addition, the statute of Indiana provides for full affirmative defense for failing to obey a safety rule or usage of a safety appliance. Regarded as a minority state in providing workers’ compensation of misconduct affirmative defense (Spurlock, 2012). Tennessee’s statute also provides for full affirmative defenses particularly in regards to illegal drug use or intoxication and refusal or failure in using a safety device. In summary, even though they act as a full defense or simply decrease benefits,

One of my life experiences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

One of my life experiences - Essay Example I began to stutter from the age of six. My habit affected my daily routine activities and had drained me off all of my confidence. It affected my school performance and presentation skills. Once, I was chosen by my teacher to give a presentation on my report. I could not even finish half of my presentation when I was asked to come down from the platform because I was stuttering very much and was being unclear in my speech. Such kind of embarrassments started making me avoid conversations with people and even answering the phone. I had become very conscious about myself since I had to suffer humiliation very frequently due to my stutter. To avoid humiliation, I usually kept quiet in class discussions and different gatherings. These aspects were making me anti-social and isolated from the world. I had come to a point in life when I thought that I would never be able to live a normal and successful life. Around this time, something happened that changed my life forever. I went to an exh ibition in Dubai that displayed inventions from new researchers. The researchers and inventors had to present their ideas in front of hundreds of people. To my amazement, one of the presenters was stuttering while presenting his invention.

Reproductive Systems in Males and Females

Reproductive Systems in Males and Females NAME : BENJAMIN NHANDARA Human Reproduction, Growth and Development All living organisms reproduce and it is one of their main  characteristics. Living organisms can produce a new member of species replacing those who might die due to old age, competition or in some cases being attacked by diseases. The process is known as reproduction (Clamp, A. 2005). Sexual reproduction involves two beings, male and female who have sex organs which produce gametes (sex cells) which then fuse together to form a new being. (M. B. V. Roberts, 2000). The journey begins in the male reproductive system. Hanging outside the pelvic cavity of a man lies a sack of skin which is known as a scrotum. Present in the scrotum are muscles which move the testicles slightly depending on the surrounding temperature. The scrotum contains the male reproductive organs testes that come in pairs. In the scrotum are muscles known as cremasteric muscles. Australia, H (2016) states that the scrotum helps to maintain the temperature of the sperm at slightly below body temperature (important for sperm  manufacture). The testes are the male primary sex organs which are oval and made of fibrous connective tissue. Producing male gametes (spermatozoa/sperm) is their main function. Each testis consists of approximately 300 lobules which are separated by connective tissue and filled with seminiferous tubules, were sperm cells are produced by meiosis as stated by McGuinness, H (2010). They are tightly coiled tubules. Interstitial cells also known as Leydig cells are found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testicles. They promote the secretion of male sex hormone, testosterone. Production of male gametes begins at puberty (when a boy begins to develop into an adult, usually average age is 12 years in a male. Sperm contains the X and Y chromosomes (genetic information encoded with genes). The epididymis lies along the border of each testis and are long coiled tubes leading from the seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens. They store immature sperms until ready to be released by ejaculation (Centre, N.H.F. 2011). Long tubes known as vas deferens (sperm duct) are made of blood vessels and connect to the urethra. Sperm is released to the ejaculatory duct through the vas deferens. Short tubes join to the urethra from the seminal vesicles and semen passes through these tubes during ejaculation. The tubes are ejaculatory ducts and pass through the prostate gland. A muscular structure known as the urethra keeps urine in the bladder until excretion can occur. It provides a pathway for the flow of urine and secretion of semen. A sphincter muscle is there to prevent both functions occurring at the same time (McGuinness, H 2010). Penis is the main external male sex organ, surrounded by erectile and connective tissue. A foreskin (folded skin) covers the tip of the penis and has many sensory receptors. The penis hangs out the pelvic cavity and excretes urine a waste product. This main organ also penetrates and ejaculates semen inside the female reproductive organ during sexual intercourse (Chard, 2001). Males have reproductive accessory sex glands which are the Cowpers glands also known as bulbourethral gland, prostate gland and the seminal vesicle. Chard (2001), goes on to say that the Cowpers gland secretes a fluid that contributes to the seminal fluid, the secretion is less than that of the prostate gland. A pair of glands make the Cowper`s glands and they open into the urethra at the base of the penis. The prostate gland is like the size of a walnut and it is found in the pelvic cavity in front of the rectum and behind the symphysis pubis. A thin, milky fluid is secreted during ejaculation to enhance the mobility of sperms. Then again thick mucus-like fluid which forms 60% of semen is secreted by the seminal vesicle (M. B. V. Roberts, 2000). The fluid is alkaline and contains nutrients that are added to sperm cells. Located above the urinary bladder, highly coiled tubular structures are the seminal vesicles.    MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Figure 1 (eMedicineHealth,2017) The female reproductive system is adapted so that an egg cell (gamete) can be produced and then fertilized by a sperm cell. The developing offspring is carried by the female being provided with nutrition until it is ready to be born. After birth nourishments are provided to the new infant by the female. This is all made possible by the way the female reproductive system is structured and functions. Ovaries are female reproductive parts that come in pairs one on either side of the uterus. They produce gametes (eggs) by a process known as ovulation. Hormones oestrogen and progesterone are also secreted by ovaries. Eggs are produced by a structure called the cortex and held in a vessel inside the medulla. The ovaries attach to the uterus by ligaments known as ovarian ligaments. About 2 million immature eggs are contained in the ovaries (Chard 2001). The fallopian tubes are muscular and lined with ciliated cells. They are about 5cm long, extend from the sides of the uterus. Other names like the oviduct or uterine tubes is used for the fallopian tube. At the end of each fallopian tube are finger-like projections known as fimbrae which receive the released eggs and transfer them to the uterus. Fertilisation also takes place in these tubes. In front of the rectum is a vast area known as the uterus. The uterus is a pear- shaped muscular chamber that has thick walls (McGuinness, H 2010). The cervix is the neck of the uterus and it opens into 2 upper corners. The uterus wall is composed of three layers of tissue, the perimetrium which is the outer layer which covers the top part of the uterus. The middle layer is known as the myometrium (middle layer of smooth muscle fibres). It is responsible for the contractions during period of labour. Finally, the third layer is the endometrium (soft with thick layer of compound tubular glands). Th is area is shed off each month during menstruation (Care of the mother and baby during labour, 1977). An 8-10cm muscular and elastic tube called the vagina connects the internal female reproductive organs with the external. It discharges fluids like menstrual fluid, urine and mucus. Male semen is received by the vagina and it also provides a passage way for childbirth. Outer wall stretches during sexual intercourse. The external genital organs of the female are collectively known as the vulva. They consist of the labia majora (thick folds of skin where pubic hair grows), labia minora (which are lip-like flesh at the entrance of the vagina), clitoris (contains erectile tissue and suspensory ligament that connect to the symphysis pubis), opening of the urethra and opening of the vagina. The main functions of the vulva are urination, menstruation, childbirth and sexual behaviour. THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Figure 2 (Human Body Diagram, 2016) A female goes through a 28-day cycle known as the menstrual or the ovarian cycle. The female menstrual cycle is divided into 4 phases. The first phase is known as proliferative phase which occurs on day 2 of the cycle. The hypothalamus releases a hormone known as Gonadotropin- releasing hormone(GnRH). The GnRH hormone is responsible for the secretion of luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland. The FSH secreted by the pituitary gland will stimulate the development of several ovarian follicles. A hormone called oestrogen is then secreted by the follicle on day 6 because of the chemical messenger FSH and the follicle develops into graafian follicle. Oestrogen inhibits the secretion of FSH by the pituitary gland on day 14. The layer lost in the previous menstruation is replaced by the proliferation of the endometrium. All repairs will be complete by day 14. The same hormone oestrogen will cause the secretion of LH hormone by the pituitary gland. The rapid increase in LH hormone will trigger the release of the mature egg from the ovary to the fallopian tube around day 14. This phase is referred to as the ovulation phase In the next stage, there is secretion of nutrients by the endometrium in preparation for the implantation and this stage is the secretory phase. An endocrine structure known as the corpus luteum secretes oestrogen and progesterone. The progesterone inhibits the production of FSH. No new follicles are stimulated, the endometrium is maintained by the high levels of progesterone. A rupture of the uterine capillaries will occur when a decrease in oestrogen and progesterone levels occur. Endometrium is lost from the body as a waste product through the cervix, together with some blood. This process is known as menstruation. Hormonal changes will prepare the uterus for pregnancy but in the event, that the egg is not fertilised then the lining of the uterus is lost through the vagina (menstrual period). Figure 3 clearly shows the 28-day cycle and the different periods that a female goes through during her menstrual cycle. FEMALE MENSTRUAL CYCLE Figure 3 (Menstrupedia.com, 2017) FEEDBACK MECHANISM INVOLVED IN THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE Figure 4 (SBI4U 2013 Resource Guide, 2017) In figure 4 the effects of positive and negative feedback mechanisms are evidenced through the different responses given to different conditions at different periods of progress in the female cycle. The result is different if the egg gets fertilised. When the mature female egg in the fallopian tube fuse with a male gamete cell due to having had sexual intercourse. The fusion of the male and female gametes to form a zygote is known as fertilisation (Clamp, A. 2005). During sexual intercourse millions of sperms are deposited into the female reproductive tract. Sperms are smaller than the female gametes and because of their structure (having a head containing the haploid nucleus), a tail (flagellum) for mobility. The sperms swim towards the mature egg through the cervix during ovulation (Bennet, 1985). Only a few hundred sperms get close to the egg because many will die of the acidic environment and some will flow out of the vagina. Early in pregnancy the embryo secretes hCG (human chorionic gonadotrophins). This hormone enables the corpus luteum to continue to produce progesterone, thereby preparing the lining of the uterus for the developing embryo. By testing for HCG in urine, it is easy to diagnose for pregnancy very early. Another hormone is the human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) also referred to as human placental lactogen (hPL). The hormone is secreted from the placenta to modify the metabolic state of the mother during pregnancy (mother`s glucose usage and release of fatty acids). Gray, (2012) says that childbirth is divided into three stages. The woman`s age, size of uterus and the number of previous pregnancies will determine the duration of the stages. Dilation is the first stage, were the cervix dilates because the foetus would have begun its descent a few days or weeks earlier. Uterus muscle wall contract rhythmically and the head of the baby breaks the amnion and the fluid is released. Dilation of the cervix can last to 6 12 hours. As the contractions of the uterus become strong, the baby is then forced out through the cervix down the vagina. This is called the delivery stage and can be 1 -2 hours. Oxytocin hormone stimulates powerful contractions that help to open the cervix to push the baby and placenta out and limit bleeding at the site of the placenta. While the fight or flight hormone (adrenaline) can slow the labour for the fearful females. It can be produced in large quantities because of fear (Bennet, 1985). The umbilical code is tied and cut once the baby has begun to breathe or cry (can live independently without the placenta). After birth is the last stage which starts immediately after child birth and ends with the placenta expulsion. There is the production and ejection of milk from mammary glands (Institute4learning.com, 2017). The process is known as lactation. Prolactin hormone (mothering hormone) helps to prepare a woman for breastfeeding. Eventually the uterus will grow smaller because of the continued contraction. While nursing, 5 10% of women become pregnant again. To fully go through the human life, they are stages that need to be accomplished. They are about 12 different stages and we will look at infancy or the developing child in detail. During child infancy (0-3 years), a child will become more independent as they grow and the body matures. The baby learns how to walk, talk, feed themselves. A lot of the children do not get to walk in the first year as their bones will be weak to support the weight. By being encouraged the child will experiment and develop more confidence in the ability to co-ordinate themselves (Institute4learning.com, 2017). Motor movement is the title given to the development of co-ordination movement. As early as 3 months the baby will develop different sounds. Sounds are used to show pleasure, laugh or cry as a way communicating their needs. At this stage the child will like to play so much. Many hormones are involved in the development of the child at this stage. The most important hormone that is present is the human growth hormone (hGH) which influences the growth of bone and muscle tissue. Sometimes the overproduction of this hormone will cause the child to grow too fast and too much, while the opposite (underproduction) will cause dwarfism (Richards, M 1990). In the journal by Richard, M. (1990) insulin is another important hormone that is found at this stage and is secreted by the pancreas. Insulin helps in the regulation of glucose levels in the blood and thereby indirectly positively contributes to growth and development. This hormone should work in collaboration with other hormones to ensure normal growth. For normal growth, the child will need sufficient energy coming from metabolic reactions (rate of reactions). These are influenced by the amount of a hormone known as thyroxine being produced by the thyroid gland. Cretinism is a condition that will develop when there is under development of thyroxine. Poor mental, physical and even retardation can be caused by underproduction. At this stage the child likes to play. Playing helps the child to develop emotionally, physically, mentally and social development. The child should be encouraged to be active. Environmental factors such as housing and someone to play with or read to them can affect the development of the child (Lohoar, S et al. 2014) . When a child plays with toys it helps to strengthen their muscles and improve co-ordination (physical development). The child should grow healthy by having nutritious food and hygienic. The immune system needs to develop which will safeguard the child from virus or bacterial attacks. These factors are biological factors (Chard, 2001). Without the presents of interpersonal relationships, the child may be affected in their social development. The relationships help the child appreciate and respect of authority. It helps them to build social skills such as communication, friendship and understanding the roles of others around them. Generally, they just three factors that may affect the development of the child`s growth. The factors are biological, environmental and social or emotional as explained above (Ford, n.d.). REFERENCES    Bennet, P. (1985). Dhaagicw Life-Stages: A Study in Paradigmatic Reconstruction. History in  Africa, [online] 12, pp. 11-28. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171709 [Accessed 24 Mar. 2017]. CARE OF THE MOTHER AND BABY DURING LABOUR. (1977). InPharma, [online] 110(1), pp. 11-11. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03289422 [Accessed 18 Mar. 2017]. Centre, N.H.F. (2011) The male reproductive system. Available at: http://www.fertilityhandbook.com/pages/reproductive-health-overview/male- reproductive-system.php (Accessed: 20 March 2017). Chard, T. (2001). Does the baby gain weight during labour? Human Reproduction, [online] 16(2), pp.207 [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017] Clamp, A. (2005) As/a-level biology essential word dictionary (essential word dictionaries). United Kingdom: Philip Allan Updates. EMedicineHealth. (2017). The Male Anatomy: Pictures, Diagrams Reference. [online] Available at: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/mobileart- emh.ssp?articlekey=59149 [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Ford, J. (n.d.) Growth development. Human Body Diagram. (2016). Human Body Diagram Anatomy Human Labelled And Chart. [ONLINE] Available at: http://humananatomyclas.com/wp- content/uploads/2016/10/female-reproductive-system-function-female-reproductive- system-functions-anatomy-human-body.jpg [Accessed 24 Mar. 2017]. Institute4learning.com. (2017). The 12 Stages of Life / Thomas Armstrong, Ph.D..[online] Available at: http//www.institute4learning.com/resources/articles/the-12-stages-of- life/ [Accessed 23 Mar. 2017] Lohoar, S., Butera, N., Kennedy, E., Child Family Community Australia. And Australian Institute of Family Studies. 92014) Strengths of Australian aboriginal cultural practises in family life and child rearing. Australian Institute of Family Studies. Menstrupedia.com. (2017). Friendly guide to healthy periods-Menstrupedia. [online] Available at: https:www.menstrupedia.com/articles/physiology/cycle-length [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. McGuinness, H. (2010) Anatomy and physiology: Therapy basics. 4th edn. London: Oxford University Press. Richards, M. (1990) Infant crying, sleeping and feeding, JOURNAL OF Reproductive and infant Psychology, 8(4), pp. 274-277. doi: 10.1080/02646839008403644. Roberts, M.B.V., Reiss, M.J., Monger,G. and Robert.., M.B.V. (2000) Advanced biology. United Kingdom: Nelson Thornes

Case 4 I Want My VOIP!!!! Essay

Less cost Digital telephone uses VOIP based on soft switching technology, which is less xpensive to apply and maintain. 2. Multifunctional In addition to equip with all the regular services offered by traditional telephone, digital telephone can convert phone calls into data, the integration of telephone, TV, and data Is extensive. 3. convenience There is no long distance charges and physical location of equipment doesn’t matter. Calls between multiple phone numbers are free. 4. Huge potential Features in the future are out of the reach of the local telephone, such as videophones, video emails. 1 . Relatively poor voice quality The voice quality of digital telephone is not as good as regular telephone service. 2. Power problem Lose of power means loss of telephone service while regular telephone systems still operate when electricity is out. Though batteries work for temporary backup power, but there is nothing would provide telephone service for extensive blackout periods. In view of Rita’s needs, lower cost. convenience and value, if I were her, I would choose digital telephone. However, before subscrlblng to Time warner, I would make a comparison among the digital telephone companies and decide the proper one, Compared with other companies, Time Warner has such Advantages Better service Relatively expensive Therefore, in view of RltaS needs, If I were her, I wont subscribe with Time Warner. #2. Write the first part of a marketing strategy statement for the Time Warner digital telephone offer ? Include the target market and planned product positioning. customer value and achieve profitable customer relationships. This process involves market segmentation, market targeting, differentiation, and positioning. Target market: A set of buyers sharing common needs or characteristics that the company ecides to serve. Positioning: Arranging for a product to occupy a clear, distinctive, and desirable place relative to competing products in the minds of target consumers. marketing strategy statement Target Market People like Rita who want lower costs, convenience and value, such as: People who want to lower their phone call costs, People who are fancy with multiple functions; People who usually make long distance calls, such as businessmen , or families with members far away from home Planned product positioning Low cost, convenient, multifunctional, promising communication product 3. In what stage of the product life cycle is Internet telephony? Does the answer to this question vary across companies such as Vontage, Comcast, Time Warner, and Cox? Product life cycle (PLC): The course ofa product’s sales and profits over its lifetime. It involves five distinct stages: product development, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. 1 . Product development begins when the company finds and develops a new-product idea. During product development, sales are zero, and the company’s investment costs mount. 2. Introduction is a period of slow sales growth as he product is introduced in the market. Profits are nonexistent in this stage because of the heavy expenses of product introduction. 3. Growth is a period of rapid market acceptance and increasing profits. 4. Maturity is a period of slowdown in sales growth because the product has achieved acceptance by most potential buyers. Profits level off or decline because of increased marketing outlays to defend the product against competition. 5. Decline is the period when sales fall off and profits drop. 1) According to the definition and characteristics above, we can tell that Internet elephony is in the introduction stage. Although analysts expect 16 million subscribers to buy cable telephone services within 5 years. More than 20 companies have entered the market so far. Cable operators have been so slow to introduce the services and the growth of subscribers is even beginning to decline. Most of them still provide basic products. Nowadays they are taking great effort to advertise the product and to attract the customers. But the sales and profits are not so impressing. They all match the characteristics of Introduction stage. 2) The answer varies across ifferent companies. Comcast and Vontage have Just entered introduction stage because they started slower and now moving much more slowly than the other companies. Cox Communications and Time Warner is entering growth stage. Their cost per customer is cutting down and profit is rising. the advantages to both the consumer and the company? 1) Bundling of services work so well for the cable companies is because it meet consumer’s needs perfectly. For one thing, it is cheaper than the telephone company’s service. For another, consumers prefer one company one bill which is more convenient.

Brant Case Analysis

CASE: BRANT FREEZER COMPANY Question 1: When comparing performance during the first five months of 2004 with performance in 2003, which warehouse shows the most improvement? St. Louis is the only one showing any improvement, using cost per unit shipped as the performance criterion. The cost for the first five months of 2003 was $9. 97 and for the first five months of 2004, it fell to $9. 07. Question 2: When comparing performance during the first five months of 2004 with performance in 2003, which warehouse shows the poorest change in performance?The worst change is the company’s own warehouse (located in Fargo), where costs per unit shipped increased 31%. Among the public warehouses used, Denver was the worst in terms of cost per unit handled. It is also the most expensive public warehouse that Brant uses. Question 3: When comparisons are made among all eight warehouses, which one do you think does the best job for the Brant Company? What criteria did you use? Why? Using the cost per unit handled criterion, St.Louis does the best job, closely followed by Chicago. Question 4: J. Q. is aggressive and is going to recommend that his father cancel the contract with one of the warehouses and give that business to a competing warehouse in the same city. J. Q. feels that when word of this gets around, the other warehouses they use will â€Å"shape up. † Which of the seven should J. Q. recommend be dropped? Why? Denver has the lowest volume and highest unit costs among all the public warehouses used.In addition, it had been closed by a strike which must have inconvenienced the Brant Company. It may be that the warehouse workers’ unions are strong in the Denver area. J. Q. should probably check out rates and productivity measures of other Denver warehouses before deciding to drop its current warehouse there. Question 5: The year 2004 is nearly half over. J. Q. is told to determine how much the firm is likely to spend for warehousing at each of the e ight warehouses for the last six months of 2004.Do his work for him. There is not enough information to do a very precise forecast. J. Q. assumes that the proportion of costs occurring during the first five months of 2003 should be in the same proportion in 2004. (1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (4) Warehouse location| % 2003 costs occurring in first five months| Actual costs for first five months of 2004 ($)| Projected total costs in 2004 ($)| Projected costs in the last six months of 2004 ($)| Atlanta| 22. 88| 40,228| 175,822| 116,204|Boston| 44. 00| 29,416| 66,885| 32,085| Chicago| 53. 43| 141,222| 264,312| 105,556| Denver| 35. 00| 14,900| 42,571| 23,714| Fargo| 54. 00| 9,605| 17,787| 7,012| Los Angeles| 72. 20| 93,280| 129,197| 30,781| Portland| 49. 30| 42,616| 86,442| 37,559| St. Louis| 44. 80| 19,191| 42,837| 20,265| The p rojected costs in 2004 (column 3) are calculated by dividing the actual costs for the first five months of 2004 (column 2) by the percent of 2003 costs that occurred in the first five months (column 1).For example, Atlanta’s actual 2004 costs of $40,228 divided by 2003’s 22. 88% yields projected 2004 costs of approximately $175,822. The projected costs in the last six months of 2004 (column 4) are calculated by subtracting the actual costs for the first five months of 2004 (column 2) from 2004’s projected total costs (column 3). This gives us the projected costs for the last seven months of 2004. However, we are only interested in the last six months of 2004, so this number is multiplied by 6/7, or . 857.Continuing with Atlanta, 2004’s projected total costs of $175,822 minus the first five months’ actual costs of $40,228 equals $135,394. Multiplying this by 6/7 yields projected six months’ costs of approximately $116,204. Question 6: When co mparing 2003 figures with the 2004 figures shown in Exhibit 13-A, the amount budgeted for each warehouse in 2004 was greater than actual 2003 costs. How much of the increase is caused by increased volume of business (units shipped) and how much by inflation? There are several ways to approach this question.One involves calculating the volume difference and inflation difference for each warehouse, as follows: Volume difference = 2003 unit costs x (2004 units shipped – 2003 units shipped) Inflation difference = 2004 units shipped x (2004 unit costs – 2003 unit costs) For example, Atlanta’s volume and inflation differences are: Volume difference: $8. 99 x (18,000 – 17,431) = $8. 99 x 569 = $5,115 Inflation difference: 18,000 x ($9. 97 – $8. 99) = 18,000 x $. 98 = $17,640 Question 7: Prepare the firm’s 2005 warehousing budget, showing for each warehouse the anticipated number of units to be shipped and the costs.Again, this can be done in severa l ways. One is to assume that the 2004 to 2005 increases will be exactly the same amount as the 2003 to 2004 increases (with units shipped rounded to the nearest hundred, and costs rounded to the nearest $500). This would yield the following results: Warehouse location| Differences in units shipped b/w 2003 and 2004| Units shipped  in 2004| Projected units shipped in 2005| Difference in warehouse costs b/w 2003 and 2004 ($)| Warehouse costs in 2004 ($)| Projected warehouse costs in 2005 ($)| Atlanta| 600| 18,000| 18,600| 21,000| 178,000| 199,000| Boston| 300| 7,200| 7,500| 9,500| 73,000| 82,500|Chicago| 1,900| 30,000| 31,900| 38,500| 285,000| 323,500| Denver| 100| 3,100| 3,200| 3,000| 31,000| 34,000| Fargo| 0| 2,000| 2,000| 500| 17,000| 17,500| Los Angeles| 500| 17,000| 17,500| 24,000| 176,000| 200,000| Portland| 700| 9,000| 9,700| 12,000| 85,000| 97,000| St. Louis| 2,100| 8,000| 10,100| 4,000| 56,000| 60,000| Another method would use percentage changes. Question 8: While attendin g classes at the university, J.Q. had learned of logistics partnerships. Should Brant Freezer Company attempt to enter into a partnership relationship with these warehouses? If so, what approach should it use? Assuming that a partnership approach was to be used, Brant would have to think of some sort of sharing of potential risks and profits. Offhand, the case does not provide much information to go on, other than cost containment or reduction is an issue.